IO Utility Functions
Use our IO functions and operators to do input and output over 40 times faster* and handle int128.

Example

fread+fwrite.h

Lists of functions:

• void init_output(void): must be called at the beginning of the program, it ensures the output is flushed at the end
• int read_int(void): used to read 1 32-bit integer
• char next_char(void): used to read 1 byte of data (a char)
• void write_char(char): used to write a single character to the output buffer
• void write_int(int): used to write a 32-bit integer and a newline (can be customized) to the output buffer
• void flush_out(void): used to flush the output buffer to the screen

int128.h

Lists of functions and operators:

• operator<<: writes one __int128 type to the output stream specified. Example: out<<myint128variable;
• operator>>: reads one __int128 type variable from the input stream specified. Example: cin>>int128;
• __int128 read(void): reads one __int128 type variable from std::cin using getchar(), it is faster than the operator above, but limited to reading from standard input.
• void print(__int128 x): writes one __int128 type variable to standard output using putchar(). It is also faster than the operator but limited to standard output.
• bool cmp(__int128,__int128): the compare function used in sorting __int128 arrays in descending order